Whakawhara
| I te mea ko etahi totoka kare e rewa i roto i te wai, ka noho tetahi, neke atu ranei o enei totoka i roto i te rahinga nui i roto i te wairewa wai, ka taea te noho i roto i te wai i roto i te ahua whakaehunga i raro i te whakakorikorihia e te hiko waipēhi, o waho ranei, ka hanga he whakaehunga. I runga i nga whakaaro kaore e pumau ana tenei punaha, engari mena kei te noho mai etahi hau (matūriki oneone, me etahi atu), ka tino kino te ahua o te emulsification, ahakoa he uaua ki te wehe i nga waahanga e rua, ko te mea tino pai ko te ranunga hinu-wai. i roto i te wehenga hinu-wai me te ranunga wai-hinu i roto i te maimoatanga parakaingaki, ko nga wahanga e rua te hanga i te hanganga hinu-i-te-wai, i te wai-hinu ranei, ko te kaupapa whakaaro ko te "hanganga paparanga hiko rua". I roto i tenei take, ka whakauruhia etahi o nga kaihoko ki te whakararu i te hanganga bilayer hiko pumau me te whakapumau i te punaha emulsification kia tutuki ai te wehenga o nga wahanga e rua. Ko enei matū e whakamahia ana ki te whakatutuki i te whakararu o te whakaehunga e kiia ana ko te pakaru whakaehunga. |
Nga Tono Matua
| Demulsifier Ko te matū surfactant, e taea te hanga i te whakaehunga-rite te hanganga wai te whakangaromanga, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakaehunga i roto i te wehenga o nga wāhanga rerekē. Ko te whakakore i te hinu hinu e pa ana ki te whakamahi i te paanga matū o te kaihoko pakaru whakaehunga ki te waiho i te hinu me te wai i roto i te ranunga hinu-wai emulsified ki te whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakamaroketanga o te hinu, hei whakarite i te paerewa o te hinu hinu hinu mo waho. tukunga. Ko te wehewehenga whai hua o nga wahanga waro me te wai, ko tetahi o nga tikanga ngawari me te tino whai hua ko te whakamahi i te demulsifier ki te whakakore i te emulsification ki te hanga i tetahi atanga emulsified me tetahi kaha ki te whakatutuki i te wehenga o nga waahanga e rua. Heoi ano, he rereke te rerekee o te demulsifier he rereke te kaha o te whakaehunga pakaru mo te wahanga waro, a, ko te mahi o taua mea ka pa tika ki te wahanga wehenga e rua. I roto i te mahi whakangao penicillin, he tikanga nui ko te tango penicillin mai i te hupa fermentation penicillin me nga whakarewa waro (pēnei i te butyl acetate). I te mea kei roto i te hupa fermentation he matatini o te pūmua, te huka, te mycelium, me etahi atu, kaore i te marama te atanga i waenga i nga wahanga waro me te wai i te wa o te tangohanga, a ko te rohe whakaemulsification he tino kaha, he nui te paanga ki te hua o nga hua kua oti. |
Ko te Whakawhanake Tikanga - Ko nga mea e whai ake nei ko te tino whakamarumaru katote-kore e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te papa hinu.
SP-momo Demulsifier
| Ko te waahanga matua o te momo pakaru whakaehunga SP he polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, ko te tauira hanganga ariā ko R(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, kei hea: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic waipiro; x, y, tohu-z-polymerization.SP-momo demulsifier he ahua o te whakapiri kōwhai marama, uara HLB o 10~12, wairewa i roto i te wai. Ko te momo momo-SP-kore-katote katoo he pai ake te whakamaarama ki te hinu paraffini. Ko tana wahanga hydrophobic he waro 12~18 nga mekameka waiwaro, a ko tana roopu hydrophilic he hydrophilic na roto i te mahi a te hydroxyl (-OH) me te ether (-O-) roopu i roto i te ngota me te wai hei hanga i nga here hauwai. Mai i te mea he ngoikore te roopu hydroxyl me te ether, kotahi, e rua ranei nga roopu hydroxyl, ether ranei e kore e taea te toia te roopu hydrophobic o te waro 12~18 mekameka waiwaro ki roto i te wai, me nui ake i te kotahi te roopu hydrophilic hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te wairewa wai. Ko te nui ake o te taumaha ngota o te katote-kore, ka roa te mekameka ngota, ka nui ake nga roopu hydroxyl me te ether kei roto, ka nui ake te kaha toia, ka kaha ake te kaha whakaheke o nga whakaehunga hinu. Ko tetahi atu take e pai ai te SP demulsifier mo te hinu paraffini na te mea he iti rawa te kapia me te asphaltene te hinu paraffin, he iti ake nga matū surfactant lipophilic me te iti o te kiato whanaunga. Mo te hinu masivesivá he nui te kapia me te asphaltene (he nui ake te wai i te 20%), he ngoikore te kaha demulsifying o SP-momo demulsifier na te mea kotahi te hanga ngota, kaore he hanganga mekameka manga me te hanganga kakara. |
AP-momo Demulsifier
| AP-momo demulsifier he polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether me te polyethylene polyamine hei kaikokiri, he momo momo manga-maha nonionic surfactant me te tauira hanganga ngota: D(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, kei hea: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - waipiro ngako; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - tohu o te polymerization. AP-momo hanganga demulsifier mo te paraffin-e hāngai ana demulsification hinu masivesivá, te pānga he pai atu i SP-momo demulsifier, he pai ake mo te ihirangi wai hinu masivesivá teitei ake i te 20% o te demulsifier hinu masivesivá, a ka taea te whakatutuki tere demulsifying pānga i raro i te pāmahana iti tikanga. Mena ka whakatauhia e te SP-momo demulsifier me te whakakore i te emulsion i roto i te 55 ~ 60 ℃ me te 2h, ko te AP-momo demulsifier anake te hiahia ki te whakatau me te whakakore i te emulsion i roto i te 45 ~ 50 ℃ me te 1.5h. Ko tenei na nga ahuatanga o te hanganga o te ngota ngota demulsifier momo AP. Ko te initiator polyethylene polyamine e whakatau ana i te ahua o te hanganga o te ngota ngota: he roa te mekameka ngota me te peka, a ko te kaha o te hydrophilic he teitei ake i tera o te momo momo SP me te hanganga ngota kotahi. Ko nga ahuatanga o te mekameka maha-manga e whakatau ana i te momo AP-momo demulsifier he nui te makuku me te uruhanga, i te wa e whakahekehia ana te hinu hinu, ka taea e nga ngota whakamomori momo AP-momo te uru tere ki roto i te kiriata atanga hinu-wai, i te momo SP-momo demulsifier o te poutū. Ko te whakaritenga kiriata ngota kotahi ka nui ake te waahi o te mata, na reira ka iti ake te inenga, ka kitea te pakaru o te whakaehunga. I tenei wa, ko tenei momo demulsifier te pai ake o te katote-kore e whakamahia ana i roto i te papa hinu hinu a Daqing. |
AE-momo Demulsifier
| Ko te momo AE-momo demulsifier he polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether me te polyethylene polyamine hei timata, he momo manga-maha o te surfactant nonionic. Ka whakatauritea ki te momo momo momo AP, ko te rerekee ko te momo momo AE he polymer rua-waahi me nga ngota ngota iti me nga mekameka manga poto. Ko te tātai hanganga rāpoi: D(PO)x(EO)yH, kei hea: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - tohu o te polymerization. Ahakoa he tino rereke nga wahanga ngota o te AE-momo demulsifier me te AP-momo demulsifier, engari he rite tonu te hanganga rapoi, anake i roto i te inenga monomer me te rereketanga o te raupapa polymerization. (1) e rua katote demulsifier i roto i te hoahoa o te kōtuitanga, te upoko me te hiku o te nui o te rauemi whakamahia he rerekē, hua i roto i te roa o ngā rāpoi ngota polymerization he rerekē hoki. (2) AP-momo demulsifier molecule is bipartite, with polyethylene polyamine as initiator, and polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization to build block copolymers: AE-momo demulsifier molecule is bipartite, with polyethylene polyamine as initiator, and polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization to two polyoxypropylene. , no reira, kia roa ake te hoahoa o te momo momo momo ngota ngota momo AP i te ngota ngota demulsifier momo AE. AE-momo ko te rua-wāhanga maha-manga hanganga demulsifier hinu masivesivá, e te urutau hoki ki te demulsification o whakaehunga hinu masivesivá asphaltene. Ko te nui ake o te ihirangi o te surfactant lipophilic i roto i te hinu masivesivá bituminous, te kaha te kaha viscous, te iti te rerekētanga i waenganui i te hinu me te kiato wai, e kore e ngāwari ki te demulsify te whakaehunga. Ko te momo AE demulsifier e whakamahia ana ki te whakaheke tere i te whakaehunga, a, i te wa ano, ko te AE-type demulsifier he pai ake te whakaheke i te pokey anti-wax. Na te maha o nga manga o nga ngota ngota, he tino ngawari ki te hanga i nga kupenga iti, kia taka nga tioata kotahi o te paraffini kua hanga i roto i te hinu masivesivá ki roto i enei whatunga, ka aukati i te neke noa o nga tioata kotahi o te paraffin, ka kore e taea te hono ki ia. Ko etahi atu, ko te hanga i te hanganga kupenga o te paraffin, te whakaiti i te pokey me te ira mīti o te hinu masivesivá, me te aukati i te whakahiato o nga tioata wax, na reira ka tutuki te kaupapa o te anti-wax. |
AR-momo demulsifier
| AR-momo demulsifier te o te alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) me te polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene me te momo hou o te hinu-wairewa kore-katote demulsifier, HLB uara o te 4 ~ 8, iti demulsifying pāmahana o 35 ~ 45 ℃. Ko te tātai hanganga rāpoi: AR(PO)x(EO)yH, kei hea: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR-rinina; x, y, z-tohu o te polymerization.I roto i te tukanga o te synthesizing demulsifier, ka mahi te kapia AR hei kaikokiri e rua, ka uru ki te ngota o te demulsifier kia noho hei roopu lipophilic. Ko nga ahuatanga o te momo AR-momo demulsifier ko: kaore i te nui te ngota, i te waahi o te tohu whakakoi hinu masivesivá teitei ake i te 5 ℃ he pai te whakakorenga, te whakamaaramatanga, te urunga o te urunga, te tere o te rūrūtia wai whakaehunga, te agglomeration. Ka taea e ia te tango neke atu i te 80 % o te wai mai i te hinu hinu me te 50 % ~ 70 % te wai kei raro iho i te 45 ℃ me te 45 min ki te tango neke atu i te 80 % o te wai mai i te hinu hinu me te ihirangi wai o te 50 % ki te 70 %, e e kore e rite ki te momo SP me te momo momo AP. |
Te wa tuku: Maehe-22-2022